Authors: Dr. Isaac Terungwa Terwase, Dr. Abubakar Mohammed Sambo, Mailabari Bitrus Nuhu, Bartholomew Terwase Anyam, Lummo Bala Kachalla, Safwan Mikaila Sani & Jude Onyekachi Onwuanibe
Summary:
This research analyzes the multifaceted conflict dynamics in Nigeria, particularly focusing on the Niger-Delta and Northern regions. It seeks to understand the factors fueling the violent activities perpetrated by Boko Haram and Niger-Delta militants, while examining the interplay between resource mismanagement, infrastructural deficiencies, and local grievances. The study employs qualitative research methodologies, including in-depth interviews with stakeholders from affected communities, to highlight and understand the motivations and grievances driving the conflict. In the Niger-Delta, resource-based grievances stemming from oil extraction and environmental degradation have historically intertwined with socio-economic marginalization and inadequate infrastructural development, fostering militant activity. In contrast, Boko Haram’s violent actions appear rooted in ideological extremism, socio-economic disparities, and historical grievances against the Nigerian state. Drawing from the empirical data, the study critically analyzes the Niger-Delta Amnesty Program implemented in 2009. While acknowledging its role in curbing militant activity and enhancing relative peace in the region, the study cautions against portrayals of its effectiveness. It highlights the need to address underlying socio-economic issues and environmental concerns for a sustainable solution. The research suggests exploring possibilities for tailored interventions that address the specific grievances and root causes fueling Boko Haram’s operations, potentially including elements of rehabilitation, deradicalization programs, and targeted socio-economic development initiatives. This study highlights the complexities of conflict in Nigeria, emphasizing the need for context-specific solutions. While the success of the Niger-Delta amnesty program offers valuable insights, the case of Boko Haram and their demands require further research. The analysis calls for a comprehensive approach that prioritizes understanding the specific drivers of each conflict, followed by the development of tailored interventions aimed at addressing grievances, promoting resource equity, and striving for sustainable development.